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基于产业价值链的我国制造业竞争战略研究

赵文成,赵红

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第9期页码 54-59

摘要：

在跨国公司主导的产业价值链体系中，以寻求比较优势为目标的传统竞争战略对我国制造业竞争力产生了严重的削弱作用。研究表明，为获得可持续竞争力，我国制造业竞争战略的重点应聚焦如何建立在产业价值链中的主导和控制地位。

关键词：产业价值链制造业竞争战略

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Innovative agricultural extension value chain-based models for smallholder African farmers

Bidjokazo FOFANA, Leonides HALOS-KIM, Mercy AKEREDOLU, Ande OKIROR, Kebba SIMA, Deola NAIBAKELAO, Mel OLUOCH, Fumiko ISEKI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 418-426 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020358

摘要： The value chain extension strategy of Sasakawa Africa Association focuses on improving the capacity of national agricultural extension systems and follows various thematic areas along the value chain to address key challenges accountable for low income households and poverty in Africa. Farmer learning platform is a model designed to increase crop productivity and encompasses demonstration plots where technological packages demonstrated significantly outperformed other technology plots in crop productivity and average profit margins. Enterprise-oriented production, postharvest and trading centers are value adding models designed to improve the effectiveness of extension and adoption of postharvest and agricultural processing technologies by producers. The use of the above along with necessary capacity building has facilitated the development of profitable business linkages of smallholder farmers with financial institutions and reliable market opportunities. The community association trader-trainer model is a market-oriented business approach applied in combination with other extension models. In 2018, 297 community-based commodity association trader-trainers were mobilized and capacitated to improve farmer group dynamics and developed collective input and output access and cluster aggregation centers at community level where various agricultural produces were mobilized and collectively aggregated, and valued at about 3.9 million USD. The supervised enterprise project model is an innovative agricultural extension model developed along with above models for capacity development of extension agents and transfer of technologies to smallholder farmers. Over 6000 supervised enterprise projects have been introduced into 27 universities in 12 African countries for training front-line extension officers and extension delivery to farming communities.

关键词： crop productivity extension farmer grain yield income model

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Servitization of manufacturing in the new ICTs era: A survey on operations management

Kangzhou WANG, Zhibin JIANG, Bo PENG, Hui JING

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期页码 223-235 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0103-7

摘要： Servitization of manufacturing has become one of the main pathways for transition and upgrade in the manufacturing industry. New information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as the Internet of Things, Big Data, and Cloud Computing have enabled the servitization of manufacturing in terms of value creation, resource management, and supply chain management. This study presents a comprehensive review on the servitization in operations management in the era of new ICTs. A new value chain framework is proposed under the business model that revolves around servitization, which showcases the new activities and ways of implementation in the era of new ICTs. The virtualization, configuration, and evaluation of integrated manufacturing and service resources are analyzed. In particular, the methods used in new ICT-supported resource management platforms are surveyed. Problems in the supply chain management in manufacturing services (including the selection of partners, as well as the coordination, planning, and scheduling among members) are presented. This study concludes with a discussion on state-of-the-art servitization in operations management in the era of new ICTs.

关键词： servitization service-oriented manufacturing value chain resource integration supply chain ICT

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我国农业全产业链绿色发展路径与对策研究

朱齐超,李亚娟,申建波,徐玖亮,侯勇,佟丙辛,许稳,张福锁

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第1期页码 73-82 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.009

摘要：

农业全产业链绿色发展既是提升农产品竞争力、促进农业产业增值的重要途径，又是提高资源利用效率、保障经济永续发展的必然选择。本文基于农业全产业链、农业绿色发展的理论认知，界定了农业全产业链绿色发展的内涵与特征，深入剖析了我国农业全产业链的发展现状、重大挑战、可行路径。研究发现，农业全产业链绿色转型的关键痛点在于系统设计不足、产业链条短、中小型生产经营主体融入难度大、资源利用效率低、增值效应不突出、生态协同困难；农业产业全链条的绿色转型升级与政策保障是促进全产业链价值提升的关键，内部循环融合、横向延伸拓展、纵向要素融合、产业跨越融合是农业全产业链绿色发展的实践路径。为此建议，进一步从加强顶层设计，推进创新驱动、拓展生态优势、完善监管服务、探索利益联结机制等角度精准施策，完善全产业系统布局、优化产品价值转化体系，助推我国农业全产业链融合绿色发展。

关键词：农业全产业链绿色发展产业融合环境友好价值提升

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Value Engineering/Value Management Model and Application of Aerospace Projects

Wan-hua Qiu,Han-peng Zhang,Ze-Shui Xu,De-Sheng Wu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 373-377 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015056

摘要： This paper presents a new space model developed by general value engineering/value management model. The authors take the function analysis, function optimization and function realization of the development object as the basic point, to get the final optimization structure by value evaluation, so as to improve the project quality and reduce the project cost. The final case shows that the application of this model can save about 18% of the time and considerable cost of the usually planned projects under the condition of quality assurance.

关键词： aerospace project value engineering value optimization value stream design structure matrix

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Pricing and production strategies in remanufacturing from the perspectives of supply chain: Review and

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0251-7

摘要： Remanufacturing is widely recognized as beneficial to the environment and a circular economy. However, remanufacturing is more complex than traditional manufacturing due to the effects of government policy, uncertainty of consumer preferences, competition and cooperation among firms, and so on. These factors motivate academics to optimize remanufacturing outcomes, especially for product pricing and production. This study reviews the published literature on pricing and production strategies in remanufacturing from four perspectives of supply chain, namely, government policy, consumer characteristics, relationships among firms, and supply chain structures. Review results can benefit scholars/practitioners in the future by highlighting the challenges and opportunities in remanufacturing strategies.

关键词： remanufacturing reverse and closed-loop supply chain circular economy

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Higher heating value prediction of torrefaction char produced from non-woody biomass

Nitipong SOPONPONGPIPAT,Dussadeeporn SITTIKUL,Unchana SAE-UENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 461-471 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0377-3

摘要： The higher heating value of five types of non-woody biomass and their torrefaction char was predicted and compared with the experimental data obtained in this paper. The correlation proposed in this paper and the ones suggested by previous researches were used for prediction. For prediction using proximate analysis data, the mass fraction of fixed carbon and volatile matter had a strong effect on the higher heating value prediction of torrefaction char of non-woody biomass. The high ash fraction found in torrefied char resulted in a decrease in prediction accuracy. However, the prediction could be improved by taking into account the effect of ash fraction. The correlation developed in this paper gave a better prediction than the ones suggested by previous researches, and had an absolute average error (AAE) of 2.74% and an absolute bias error (ABE) of 0.52%. For prediction using elemental analysis data, the mass fraction of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen had a strong effect on the higher heating value, while no relationship between the higher heating value and mass fractions of nitrogen and sulfur was discovered. The best correlation gave an AAE of 2.28% and an ABE of 1.36%.

关键词： higher heating value correlation biomass proximate analysis ultimate analysis

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Value and governance of high-speed railway

Xiaoyan LIN, Zehua ZHANG, Meng WANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 463-482 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017054

摘要： This paper considers multiple perspectives to explore the concept of high-speed railway (HSR), rationally abstract its value formation mechanism, and quantitatively measure its actual performance. This paper analyzes the governance potential of major countries in the high-speed railway value chain and studies the feasible ways and development strategies to enhance the high-speed railway governance in China. Findings of this paper are as follows. First, the government, as the early manager of high-speed railway governance, has given way to Siemens and other integrated enterprises. Second, the high-speed railway standard output has become the core competitiveness that embodies high-speed railway. Third, the global high-speed railway market presents a hierarchical high-speed railway governance model and changes to a modular approach to governance.

关键词： high-speed railway value communication value high-speed railway value governance governance path upgrade

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Modeling of the resilient supply chain system from a perspective of production design changes

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 96-106 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0235-z

摘要： Building an effective resilient supply chain system (RSCS) is critical and necessary to reduce the risk of supply chain disruptions in unexpected scenarios such as COVID-19 pandemic and trade wars. To overcome the impact of insufficient raw material supply on the supply chain in mass disruption scenarios, this study proposes a novel RSCS considering product design changes (PDC). An RSCS domain model is first developed from the perspective of PDC based on a general conceptual framework, i.e., function-context-behavior-principle-state-structure (FCBPSS), which can portray complex systems under unpredictable situations. Specifically, the interaction among the structure, state and behavior of the infrastructure system and substance system is captured, and then a quantitative analysis of the change impact process is presented to evaluate the resilience of both the product and supply chain. Next, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the PDC strategy and to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the RSCS domain model. The results show that the restructured RSCS based on the proposed strategy and model can remedy the huge losses caused by the unavailability of raw materials.

关键词： resilient supply chain supply chain disruption domain modeling product design changes

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Digitalization for supply chain resilience and robustness: The roles of collaboration and formal contracts

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 5-19 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0229-x

摘要： Black swan events such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak cause substantial supply chain disruption risks to modern companies. In today’s turbulent and complex business environment, supply chain resilience and robustness as two critical capabilities for firms to cope with disruptions have won substantial attention from both the academia and industry. Accordingly, this study intends to explore how digitalization helps build supply chain resilience and robustness. Adopting organizational information processing theory, it proposes the mediating effect of supply chain collaboration and the moderating effect of formal contracts. Using survey data of Chinese manufacturing firms, the study applied structural equation modelling to test the research model. Results show that digitalization has a direct effect on supply chain resilience, and supply chain collaboration can directly facilitate both resilience and robustness. Our study also indicates a complementary mediating effect of supply chain collaboration on the relationship between digitalization and supply chain resilience and an indirect-only mediation effect on the relationship between digitalization and supply chain robustness. Findings reveal the differential roles of digitalization as a technical factor and supply chain collaboration as an organizational factor in managing supply chain disruptions. Paradoxically, formal contracts enhance the relationship between digitalization and supply chain resilience but weaken the relationship between supply chain collaboration and supply chain resilience. The validation of moderating effects determines the boundary conditions of digitalization and supply chain collaboration and provides insights into governing supply chain partners’ behavior. Overall, this study enhances the understanding on how to build a resilient and robust supply chain.

关键词： digitalization supply chain resilience robustness collaboration formal contract

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Disruptive technologies for advancing supply chain resilience

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 360-366 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0257-1

摘要： Disruptive technologies provide a new paradigm for supply chain risk management and bring opportunities and challenges for the improvement of supply chain resilience (SCRes). This study summarizes the application cases of some disruptive technologies in the SCRes and analyzes the benefits and damages brought by disruptive technologies to the SCRes. The results show that disruptive technologies can provide the supply chain with flexibility, visibility, agility, and other capabilities at various stages of risk management. Hence, technology advancements greatly increase the level of the SCRes. Although disruptive technologies undermine the construction of SCRes, these damages can be eliminated through technology iteration or other disruptive technologies. Furthermore, disruptive technologies will provide better stability for the SCRes. The study also makes several suggestions for the use of disruptive technologies in the construction of the SCRes.

关键词： supply chain resilience disruptive technology supply chain risk

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Internet of Things (IoT)–blockchain-enabled pharmaceutical supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 82-95 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0233-1

摘要： During the COVID-19 pandemic, the current operating environment of pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) has rapidly changed and faced increasing risks of disruption. The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain not only help enhance the efficiency of PSC operations in the information technology domain but also address complex related issues and improve the visibility, flexibility, and transparency of these operations. Although IoT and blockchain have been widely examined in the areas of supply chain and logistics management, further work on PSC is expected by the public to enhance its resilience. To respond to this call, this paper combines a literature review with semi-structured interviews to investigate the characteristics of PSC, the key aspects affecting PSC, and the challenges faced by PSC in the post-pandemic era. An IoT–blockchain-integrated hospital-side oriented PSC management model is also developed. This paper highlights how IoT and blockchain technology can enhance supply chain resilience and provides a reference on how PSC members can cope with the associated risks.

关键词： pharmaceutical supply chain Internet of Things blockchain resilience post-pandemic era

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The value of epigenetic markers in esophageal cancer

Xiao-Mei ZHANG, Ming-Zhou GUO,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 378-384 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0230-3

摘要： Developing esophageal cancer is a multi-step process that begins with the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, and leads to the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation or loss of tumor suppressor genes (TSG). In addition to genetic alteration, epigenetic modifications, and in particular DNA methylation, are recognized as a common molecular alteration in human tumors. In esophageal cancer, aberrant methylation of promoter regions occurs not only in advanced cancer, but also in premalignant lesions. DNA methylation is related to survival time and sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy. This review is mainly focused on epigenetic changes in esophageal cancer and the value of early detection for patient prognosis, treatment choices, and potential targeting therapy.

关键词： epigenetics DNA methylation esophageal cancer dysplasia

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On the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 1-23 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0790-0

摘要： This review of the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete is based on three representative examples. The first one is concerned with the analysis of experimental data, taken from four high-dynamic tests. The structural nature of the high-dynamic strength increase can be explained by using a multi-scale model. It accounts for the microstructure of the specimens. The second example refers to multi-scale thermoelastic analysis of concrete pavements, subjected to solar heating. A sensitivity analysis with respect to the internal relative humidity (RH) of concrete has underlined the great importance of the RH for an assessment of the risk of microcracking of concrete. The third example deals with multi-scale structural analysis of a real-scale test of a segmental tunnel ring. It has turned out that multi-scale modeling of concrete enables more reliable predictions of crack opening displacements in tunnel segments than macroscopic models taken from codes of practice. Overall, it is concluded that multi-scale models have indeed a significant added value. However, its degree varies with these examples. In any case, it can be assessed by means of a comparison of the results from three sources, namely, multi-scale structural analysis, conventional structural analysis, and experiments.

关键词： experiments multi-scale analysis conventional structural analysis concrete reinforced concrete

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Advancing food supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic era

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 107-120 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0232-2

摘要： In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and retailers in the supply chain suffer enormous loss. To survive under the pandemic, retailers have adopted different sourcing strategies, such as contingent sourcing, which, in turn, affect the upstream suppliers and hence the resilience of the whole supply chain. With the rapid development of digital technologies, retailers nowadays can utilize blockchain as a reliable and efficient way to reduce product risk and hence advance the resilience of food supply chains by improving product traceability and inspection accuracy, and making sourcing transparent. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the interrelation between the retailer’s decisions on blockchain adoption and sourcing strategies. We consider that a retailer originally orders from a risky supplier while conducting an imperfect inspection to detect infected products before selling. The retailer may speculatively keep on ordering from the risky supplier or adopt contingent sourcing by ordering from an alternative safe supplier. The retailer also has an option to implement blockchain to improve the inspection accuracy and product traceability. We derive the optimal retail prices under different sourcing strategies with and without blockchain adoption and then analyze the incentives for sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption. Then, we identify the conditions of an all-win situation for food retailer, supplier, supply chain resilience, and consumers with/without government subsidy. Finally, we extend to consider the situation that some consumers have health-safety concerns and preferences for blockchain adoption.

关键词： food supply chain blockchain contingent sourcing supply chain resilience